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Business Studies – Class 12 Get a study material for subject Business Studies of class 12 as per link given in below table : Part 1 – Principles and Functions of Management Chapter Link of Material Chapter 1.1 – Nature and Significance of Management Click Here Chapter 1.2 – Principles of Management Click Here Chapter … Read more
Chapter 2.3 – Consumer Protection Business Studies Chapter 2.3 – Consumer Protection 1. Importance of Consumer Protection Consumer protection is crucial to safeguard consumers against unfair and exploitative trade practices. Businesses may engage in unethical behaviors such as: In a free-market economy, the consumer is said to be “king,” and consumer protection benefits both the … Read more
Chapter 2.2 – Marketing Business Studies Chapter 2.2 – Marketing 1. Marketing: Definition and Meaning The term marketing is often misunderstood by many, being confused with shopping, selling, or merchandising. However, marketing is a much broader concept that involves numerous activities, such as designing, packaging, branding, and selling a product or service to satisfy consumer needs. … Read more
Chapter 2.1 – Financial Management Business Studies Chapter 2.1 – Financial Management 1. Business Finance Business Finance refers to the money required for carrying out business activities. Every business needs funds at different stages for: Types of Finance Required: The efficient management of both fixed and working capital ensures that the business runs smoothly and … Read more
Chapter 1.8 – Controlling Business Studies Chapter 1.8 – Controlling 1. Meaning of Controlling Controlling is a fundamental function of management that ensures the activities within an organization are conducted according to the plans, policies, and standards established during the planning stage. It involves a process where actual performance is measured against set standards, deviations … Read more
Chapter 1.7 – Directing Business Studies Chapter 1.7 – Directing 1. Introduction to Directing 2. Principles of Directing 3. Elements of Directing Directing consists of four major elements: 4. Supervision 5. Motivation 6. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory 7. Financial and Non-Financial Incentives 8. Leadership 9. Communication 10. Barriers to Effective Communication 11. Improving Communication Effectiveness
Chapter 1.6 – Staffing Business Studies Chapter 1.6 – Staffing 1. Staffing Definition and Scope Staffing is the managerial function that involves filling and keeping filled all the positions within an organization’s structure. It starts with identifying the workforce needs of an organization and ends with ensuring the continuous development and growth of the personnel. … Read more
Chapter 1.5 – Organising Business Studies Chapter 1.5 – Organising 1. Introduction to Organising Organising is the management function that follows planning. It involves the arrangement of resources (human, material, financial, etc.) to implement the plans effectively. Organising includes the identification and classification of required activities, grouping them into manageable tasks, and assigning them to … Read more
Chapter 1.4 – Planning Business Studies Chapter 1.4 – Planning 1. Introduction to Planning 2. Definition and Concept of Planning 3. Importance of Planning Planning is integral to successful management. The document outlines six key reasons why planning is indispensable: 4. Features of Planning 5. Limitations of Planning Despite its benefits, planning has limitations: 6. … Read more
Chapter 1.3 – Business Environment Business Studies Chapter 1.3 – Business Environment 1. Meaning of Business Environment The business environment refers to all external forces, institutions, and factors that affect the performance of a business but are outside its direct control. These forces include the economic, social, political, technological, and legal environments in which the … Read more