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Chapter 1.5 – Government Budget and The Economy Economics Chapter 1.5 – Government Budget and The Economy 1. Introduction to Government in a Mixed Economy 2. The Government Budget: Meaning and Components 2.1 Constitutional Requirement (Article 112) 2.2 Objectives of the Government Budget The government intervenes in the economy through several functions to ensure the … Read more

Chapter 1.4 – Determination of Income and Employment Economics Chapter 1.4 – Determination of Income and Employment 1. Introduction to Macroeconomic Determination: Macroeconomic Focus: 2. Aggregate Demand (AD) and its Components 2.1 Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Concepts: 2.2 Components of Aggregate Demand: 3. Determination of Income in a Two-Sector Model AD=C0​+cY+Io Y=Co​+cY+Io​  Y= Co​+Io / 1−c … Read more

Chapter 1.3 – Money and Banking Economics Chapter 1.3 – Money and Banking 1. Introduction to Money 2. Functions of Money 3. Demand for Money 4. Supply of Money 5. Commercial Banking and Money Creation 6. Money Creation Process 7. Monetary Policy and Tools 8. Role of Interest Rates in Money Supply 9. Measures of … Read more

Chapter 1.2 – National Income Accounting Chapter 1.2 – National Income Accounting 1. Introduction to National Income Accounting 2. Circular Flow of Income 3. Methods of Calculating National Income 4. Distinctions in National Income Measurement 5. Macroeconomic Identities 6. Nominal vs Real GDP 7. Other Price Indices 8. GDP and Welfare An increase in GDP … Read more

Economics Chapter 1.1 – Introduction Economics Chapter 1.1 – Introduction 1. Introduction to Macroeconomics 2. Historical Emergence of Macroeconomics 3. Macroeconomic Agents and Their Roles 4. Key Macroeconomic Concepts 5. Understanding the Sectors of the Economy 6. Economic Policies and Their Implications 7. The Role of Capitalism in Macroeconomics 8. Global Trade and External Relations

Chapter 2.6 – Cash Flow Statement Accountancy Chapter 2.6 – Cash Flow Statement 1. Introduction to Cash Flow Statement 2. Objectives of Cash Flow Statement 3. Benefits of Cash Flow Statement 4. Key Definitions 4.1 Cash 4.2 Cash Equivalents 4.3 Cash Flows 5. Classification of Activities Cash flows are categorized into three activities: 5.1 Operating … Read more

Chapter 2.5 – Accounting Ratios Accountancy Chapter 2.5 – Accounting Ratios 1. Introduction to Accounting Ratios 2. Objectives of Ratio Analysis 3. Advantages of Ratio Analysis 4. Limitations of Ratio Analysis 5. Types of Ratios I. Liquidity Ratios Assess short-term debt-paying capacity. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities​ Current Assets: Cash, inventory, receivables, prepaid expenses.Current Liabilities: … Read more

Chapter 2.4 – Analysis of Financial Statements Accountancy Chapter 2.4 – Analysis of Financial Statements 1. Introduction to Financial Statements Purpose: Key Concepts: 2. Financial Statement Analysis: Meaning Definition: Objective: 3. Significance of Financial Statement Analysis Stakeholders and Their Interests: Stakeholder Interest Finance Manager Evaluate managerial performance, creditworthiness, and financial control. Top Management Overall resource … Read more

Chapter 2.3 – Financial Statements of a Company Accountancy Chapter 2.3 – Financial Statements of a Company 1. Introduction to Financial Statements 2. Nature of Financial Statements Financial statements are derived from recorded facts, accounting conventions, postulates, and personal judgments: 3. Objectives of Financial Statements 4. Types of Financial Statements 5. Balance Sheet: Form and Content … Read more

Chapter 2.2 – Issue and Redemption of Debentures Accountancy Chapter 2.2 – Issue and Redemption of Debentures 1. Introduction to Debentures 2. Differences Between Shares and Debentures Expanding on the table with additional distinctions: Parameter Shares Debentures Legal Status Owners of the company. Creditors of the company. Tax Treatment Dividends are not tax-deductible. Interest is … Read more